2018) and towards lowland regions and the coast Peregrine pairs in England have increased fivefold since 1981 and now, for the first time, outnumber those in Scotland ( Wilson et al. The overall increase between the 20 surveys masks a major distributional shift away from the uplands ( North East Scotland Raptor Study Group 2015, Wilson et al. Populations and breeding performance have declined, however, in northwest Scotland and the Northern Isles ( Crick & Ratcliffe 1995). Illegal persecution continues to limit numbers in the uplands, and food supply may also be a limiting factor in some areas. The UK population size, distribution and breeding performance have all largely recovered from the poisonous effects of organochlorine pesticides in the 1950s and 1960s ( Newton 2013).
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